This study explores the differences between growing cocoa in monocultures and dynamic agroforestry systems (DAF), focusing on smallholder farmers in Bolivia and Côte d’Ivoire. Monoculture cocoa farming often leads to problems like soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, and increased vulnerability to pests, diseases, and climate change. In contrast, DAF mimics natural forests by integrating a variety of plants and trees, which enhances soil fertility, reduces pest and disease pressure, controls erosion, and diversifies farmers’ income.
The research found that DAF systems not only match but often surpass the productivity of monocultures. In trials, total yields were up to 161% higher in DAF systems, and cocoa yields alone were 12–46% higher in agroforestry compared to monocultures. Additionally, cocoa grown in DAF had significantly fewer instances of diseases like witches’ broom.
Farmers practicing DAF observed fewer soil problems and pest issues. They also valued the additional crops and environmental benefits. However, adoption of DAF is limited without support from local organizations and participatory approaches. The study suggests that interactive methods like farmer field schools can improve knowledge sharing and empower farmers. By embracing DAF, smallholders can enhance their resilience, increase productivity, and contribute to sustainable cocoa.